For individuals in Ontario looking to legally acquire and possess firearms, obtaining a Possession and Acquisition License (PAL) is the essential first step. While the traditional mail-in application is still an option, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) has modernized the process, making it faster and more convenient to apply online.
This guide breaks down each stage of the process, with a strong emphasis on the streamlined online application. If you'd rather watch our video on the same topic, you can find it below - read on for the full written guide.
Step 1: Determining Your Eligibility
Before you begin the application process, it’s crucial to ensure you meet the eligibility criteria set by the RCMP. To be eligible for a PAL, you must:
- Be at least 18 years of age.
- Not be prohibited from possessing firearms. This includes individuals subject to certain court orders, those with a history of violence, or those deemed a risk to themselves or others.
- Have successfully completed the Canadian Firearms Safety Course (CFSC) and, if applying for a Restricted PAL (RPAL), the Canadian Restricted Firearms Safety Course (CRFSC).
For a detailed list of eligibility criteria, visit the RCMP website.
Step 2: Completing the Required Safety Courses
The cornerstone of responsible firearm ownership in Canada is education. You must successfully complete the appropriate firearms safety course(s) and pass the associated examinations.
- Canadian Firearms Safety Course (CFSC): This mandatory course covers the safe handling, storage, transportation, and display of non-restricted firearms (common long guns like rifles and shotguns).
- Canadian Restricted Firearms Safety Course (CRFSC): If you intend to possess restricted firearms (primarily handguns and certain semi-automatic rifles), you must also complete this additional course. Note that currently, the sale, purchase, import or transfer of handguns is prohibited. However, as an RPAL holder, you can still borrow them by getting a temporary ATT (Authorization to Transport), Temporary Storage Permit and Temporary Borrowing Permit. More information about this in a future article.
Finding a Course:
The Firearms Safety Education of Ontario (FSEO) is a recognized provider of these courses. You can find a list of certified instructors and upcoming courses on their website.
Receiving Your Course Report: After successfully completing the course and passing the exams, the course provider will submit your results. You will then receive a stamped "Course Report" by mail. This document is a critical piece of your application.
Step 3: Preparing for Your Online Application
The online application is typically the fastest and most efficient way to apply for your PAL. Before you begin the process, you will need to have the following ready:
- Your Course Report: This is the official document from your firearms safety course(s).
- Digital Photo: A digital passport-style photo that meets the specific RCMP requirements.
- Government-Issued ID: Two pieces of government-issued identification.
- References: The full names and valid email addresses of two references who have known you for at least three years.
- Guarantor: The full name and valid email address of a photo guarantor.
- Payment Method: A credit card or Visa/MasterCard debit card to pay the application fee.
- GCKey or Sign-in Partner: You will need to create a GCKey or use a "Sign-in Partner" (your online banking credentials) to securely log in to the RCMP's portal.
Step 4: Submitting Your Online Application
With all your documents and information ready, you can begin the online application process.
- Access the Online Portal: Go to the official RCMP Firearms Program's Individual Web Services page. RCMP Individual Web Services
- Log In: Sign in using your GCKey or a Sign-in Partner.
- Complete the Form: Fill out all sections of the application form accurately. The online form is designed to reduce common errors and will guide you through each section.
- Upload Documents: Upload your digital photo and a copy of your course report.
- Enter Contact Information: Provide the email addresses for your references and guarantor. The system will then automatically email them with instructions on how to submit their information.
- Pay the Fee: Pay the required application fee online.
- Submit: Once all sections are complete and paid for, you can submit your application.
Applying via Mail (Paper Application)
The mail-in application is still a valid option, especially if you are not eligible for the online process (e.g., you are not a first-time applicant or are applying for a fee waiver).
- Download the Form: Download and print the official application form (RCMP 5592) from the RCMP website.
- Complete and Sign: Fill out the form by hand and sign it.
- Gather Documents: You will need to gather your Course Report, a physical passport-style photo with a guarantor's signature on the back, and a payment method (money order or certified cheque). Credit card is also an option but you'll need to write it manually. Keep in mind if your application is lost or missing, anyone finding it will have access to all your information. It's best to send it via registered mail so you can track it.
- Mail It: Send your completed application and all supporting documents via mail to the address provided on the form.
Step 5: The RCMP Review Process
Regardless of whether you apply online or by mail, your application will go through a thorough review. The RCMP will:
- Conduct Background Checks: This includes checks of police records and mental health records.
- Contact Your References: The RCMP will contact your two references to confirm your eligibility.
- Conduct a Waiting Period: There is a minimum 28-day waiting period for all first-time applicants.
Step 6: Receiving Your PAL
If your application is approved, the RCMP will mail your PAL to the address you provided. The online application often has a faster processing time than the mail-in option, but the total time can vary depending on the volume of applications.
You can check the status of your application online through the RCMP's Individual Web Services portal (linked above).
Important Considerations:
- Continuous Eligibility: Your PAL is valid for five years and must be renewed before expiry.
- Accurate Information: Ensure all information you provide is accurate to avoid delays or rejection of your application. This includes answers to questions that might be uncomfortable - like if you've ever been diagnosed with a mental health condition. Note that your application will not usually be declined from simply answering "yes" - but is just likely to involve further checks by RCMP, which may include requesting information from your doctor.
Conclusion:
The journey to becoming a licensed firearm owner in Canada can be a lengthy and sometimes even an intimidating one. But it can also be one of the most rewarding things you'll ever do. You're joining one of the longest standing communities in Canada. Firearm owners are among the most trustworthy, responsible, reliable and honest people you will ever meet. Not to mention you'll be able to explore things like hunting, recreational shooting, competitive shooting, various firearm disciplines, skeet or trap shooting, and so much more.
This community really has everything for almost anyone. And best of all it's one of the safest things you can do.
If you have any questions about the process or want to share your own stories or helpful hints, make sure to join our Discord community. You can find it in the links section at the top of this page.
Thanks for reading.